La parola oriundo letteralmente significa "proveniente da un determinato luogo per via di antenati che si sono trasferiti altrove". Nel calcio e in altri sport il termine è adoperato per indicare uno sportivo che milita per una rappresentativa nazionale pur essendo nato in un altro paese, pratica molto diffusa fra gli anni '20 e 60'.
Con gli Azzurri in passato hanno giocato fra gli oriundi più celebri: Raimundo Orsi, Luisito Monti, Omar Sivori, José Altafini e Mauro German Camoranesi, centrocampista, nativo dell'Argentina che, acquisito il passaporto italiano, è stato uno degli artefici del successo della nostra rappresentativa calcistica nel mondiale di Germania 2006. Il regolamento FIFA prevede che un giocatore oriundo, una volta scelto il paese con cui giocare ed aver disputato anche un solo secondo con la relativa squadra, non potrà mai più giocare con la nazionale del paese nativo. Questa norma, benchè antica, non è sempre esistita, per cui in passato abbiamo avuto il caso di Luisito Monti che ha disputato partite con due diverse squadre nazionali. Monti esordì con la nazionale argentina nel 1924, disputando l'Olimpiade del 1928 e ottenendo il secondo posto ai mondiali del 1930. Ottenuto, poi, il passaporto grazie all'ascendenza italiana fu anche naturalizzato e poté giocare, fin dal dicembre 1932, con la nazionale azzurra, con cui totalizzò diciotto presenze e un goal, conquistando il titolo mondiale del 1934 agli ordini di Vittorio Pozzo. Monti divenne così il primo (e, sinora, unico) giocatore ad aver disputato due finali mondiali con due casacche differenti.
The term oriundo (plural oriundi) is an Italian adjective describing an immigrant of native ancestry. It is originally Spanish for "originally from". It is most likely to be used to indicate a sportsman born in Latin America, whose ancestors emigrated from Italy, and who then immigrates "back" to Italy. Immigrants not of Italian extraction are not considered as oriundi, even if naturalized as citizens. Native Italians who happen to be born abroad are not oriundi either. The term is also used in a similar sense in Spain.
Some oriundi have played for the Italian or Spanish national football teams in international competition; among these are some who had previously represented their native country. FIFA requires international footballers to have either citizenship of a country or close ancestral ties to it. Oriundi may qualify under the latter heading; in addition, they can acquire citizenship more easily than immigrants not of native extraction, owing to jus sanguinis. When the Italian and Spanish Leagues imposed quotas or bans on "foreign" players, oriundi were partially or totally exempt from these.
The Latin Americans who "returned" to Italy in the 1920s and 30s were known as rimpatriati ("repatriated people"). In Fascist Italy they automatically had dual citizenship and had no need to undergo naturalization. Vittorio Pozzo, manager of the national team, selected several for the victorious 1934 World Cup side. He rebutted critics of this policy by saying "if they can die for Italy, they can play for Italy", a reference to conscription. Doubts about national loyalty resurfaced when De Maria returned to Argentina to complete his military service there, and more so when Guaita, Scopelli and Stagnaro tried to leave for France to avoid being called up for the Abyssinian campaign in 1936. Oriundi as a term in Italian football dates from the early 1950s. The category existed separately from native and foreign players at intervals until the 1970s. Sivori, Maschio, and Angelillo, the three stars of the Argentina team that won the 1957 Copa América were signed by Italian clubs and given citizenship, thereby missing Argentina's disappointing showing at the 1958 World Cup.
In 1966, all foreigners were banned from the Italian League. Their presence was blamed for the contued underperfomance of the national side, culminating at the humiliating defeat by North Korea at that year's World Cup. The ban was eased when one foreigner per Serie A team was allowed from 1980.
Currently, the most famous Italian oriundo is the Juventus' Argentinian footballer Mauro Camoranesi, who granted Italian citizenship via his grandfather from Marche. Mauro won the 2006 FIFA World Cup with the azzurri.
COGNOME, Nome, (Ruolo), Esordio, (Club), (Paese di origine).
SURNAME, Name, (Role), First Match, (Club), (Home country). Ruolo / Role:P=Portiere/Goalkeeper, D=Difensore/Defender, C=Centrocampista/Midfielder, A=Attaccante/Forward (nC) = Capitani / Captains
Presenze
Appearances
Goal
CAMORANESI Mauro German (C) 12/02/2003 (Juventus 55) (Argentina)